The cardiovascular–renal link and the health burden of kidney failure
Carmine Zoccali, Francesca Mallamaci
Abstract
CKD may be caused by a variety of risk factors including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, neoplasia, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. These diseases are inter-related, and all contribute to causing CKD.
Topics & Concepts
MedicineDiabetes mellitusKidney diseaseType 2 diabetesIntensive care medicineKidneyInternal medicineEnvironmental healthEndocrinologyChronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesDialysis and Renal Disease ManagementBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies