Advances in biomass derived low-cost carbon catalyst for biodiesel production: preparation methods, reaction conditions, and mechanisms
Gaurav Yadav, Nidhi Yadav, Md. Ahmaruzzaman
Abstract
= 8-11). Heterogeneous sulfonated catalysts derived from waste biomass were a significant focus of the most advanced biodiesel processing techniques for simple and low-cost manufacturing processes. This study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts, biomass sources and properties, synthesis of catalysts, and factors influencing the insertion of active sulfonic sites on biomass surfaces. Additionally, transesterification and esterification reaction mechanisms and kinetics are discussed. At last, future directions are provided for young, dynamic researchers.
Topics & Concepts
BiodieselBiomass (ecology)Environmentally friendlyBiofuelBiodiesel productionHazardous wasteCatalysisEnvironmental scienceProduction costWaste managementCarbon fibersPulp and paper industryProduction (economics)Biochemical engineeringProcess engineeringMaterials scienceChemistryOrganic chemistryEngineeringEconomicsComposite numberOceanographyComposite materialBiologyGeologyMechanical engineeringEcologyMacroeconomicsBiodiesel Production and ApplicationsCatalysis and Hydrodesulfurization StudiesCatalysis for Biomass Conversion