Millennial-Scale Disturbance History of the Boreal Zone
Tuomas Aakala, Cécile C. Remy, Dominique Arseneault, Hubert Morin, Martin P. Girardin, Fabio Gennaretti, Lionel Navarro, Niina Kuosmanen, Adam A. Ali, Étienne Boucher, Normunds Stivriņš, Heikki Seppä, Yves Bergeron, Miguel Montoro Girona
Abstract
Abstract Long-term disturbance histories, reconstructed using diverse paleoecological tools, provide high-quality information about pre-observational periods. These data offer a portrait of past environmental variability for understanding the long-term patterns in climate and disturbance regimes and the forest ecosystem response to these changes. Paleoenvironmental records also provide a longer-term context against which current anthropogenic-related environmental changes can be evaluated. Records of the long-term interactions between disturbances, vegetation, and climate help guide forest management practices that aim to mirror “natural” disturbance regimes. In this chapter, we outline how paleoecologists obtain these long-term data sets and extract paleoenvironmental information from a range of sources. We demonstrate how the reconstruction of key disturbances in the boreal forest, such as fire and insect outbreaks, provides critical long-term views of disturbance-climate-vegetation interactions. Recent developments of novel proxies are highlighted to illustrate advances in reconstructing millennial-scale disturbance-related dynamics and how this new information benefits the sustainable management of boreal forests in a rapidly changing climate.