On Maxwell slip flow of radiative ternary hybrid nanofluid subject to Smoluchowski-Nield’s constraints using an iterative numerical simulation
Muhammad Faisal, Iftikhar Ahmad, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, M. Nasir Javid, Ahmed Said Abdel Hafez Zedan
Abstract
Heat and mass transfer analysis of the three-dimensional Maxwell slip flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid subject to Smoluchowski–Nield constraints is conducted numerically. This study is essential for understanding fluid behavior in the dispersion of ternary hybrid nanoparticles, particularly in advanced cooling and heat transfer systems. Its applications span industries such as microelectronics, biomedical devices, and nanotechnology, where precise thermal management is crucial. The effects of Brownian motion, thermal radiation, and thermophoresis are also considered to enhance the study’s versatility. The ternary hybrid nanofluid is formulated by dispersing three distinct types of nanosolids into water. The fundamental laws of momentum, heat transfer, and mass transfer are employed to model the problem for incompressible and laminar flow across the domain. Appropriate similarity variables are introduced to transform the dimensional governing flow equations into their dimensionless forms. An iterative numerical approach is then utilized to solve the modeled problem using computational software. The influence of various parametric factors on velocity, temperature, skin friction, concentration, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number is discussed. Convergence analysis with error estimation of the numerical solution is also elaborated.