A Cobalt‐ and Manganese‐Free High‐Nickel Layered Oxide Cathode for Long‐Life, Safer Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Zehao Cui, Qiang Xie, Arumugam Manthiram
Abstract
Abstract High‐nickel LiNi 1− x − y Mn x Co y O 2 and LiNi 1− x − y Co x Al y O 2 cathodes are receiving growing attention due to the burgeoning demands on high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. The presence of both cobalt and manganese in them, however, triggers multiple issues, including high cost, high toxicity, rapid surface deterioration, and severe transition‐metal dissolution. Herein, a Co‐ and Mn‐free ultrahigh‐nickel LiNi 0.93 Al 0.05 Ti 0.01 Mg 0.01 O 2 (NATM) cathode that exhibits 82% capacity retention over 800 deep cycles in full cells, outperforming two representative high‐Ni cathodes LiNi 0.94 Co 0.06 O 2 (NC, 52%) and LiNi 0.90 Mn 0.05 Co 0.05 O 2 (NMC, 60%) is presented. It is demonstrated that a titanium‐enriched surface along with aluminum and magnesium as the stabilizing ions in NATM not only ameliorates unwanted side reactions with the electrolyte and structural disintegrity, but also mitigates transition‐metal dissolution and active lithium loss on the graphite anode. As a result, the graphite anode paired with NATM displays an ultrathin (≈8 nm), monolayer anode‐electrolyte interphase architecture after extensive cycling. Furthermore, NATM displays considerably enhanced thermal stability with an elevated exothermic temperature (213 °C for NATM vs 180 and 190 °C for NC and NMC, respectively) and remarkably reduced heat release. This work sheds light on rational compositional design to adopt ultrahigh‐Ni cathodes in lithium‐based batteries with low cost, long service life, and improved thermal stability.