Top Food Category Contributors to Sodium and Potassium Intake — United States, 2015–2016
Rebecca C. Woodruff, Lixia Zhao, Jaspreet K.C. Ahuja, Cathleen Gillespie, Joseph Goldman, Diane M. Harris, Sandra L. Jackson, Alanna Moshfegh, Donna Rhodes, Rhonda Sebastian, Ana L Terry, Mary E. Cogswell
Abstract
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; kcal = kilocalories; SE = standard error.* The population proportion (%) is defined as the sum of the amount of sodium or potassium consumed from each specific food category for all participants in the designated group, divided by the sum of the nutrient consumed from all food categories for all participants in the designated group, multiplied by 100.All estimates use one 24-hour dietary recall, reflect the complex sampling design, and use the day one dietary sample weights to account for nonresponse, weekend/weekday recalls, and oversampling. This analysis used 87 food categories, which were adapted from What We Eat in America (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/wweia.htm).Food categories are ranked in descending order by population proportion among the total population aged 1 year. Blood pressure was defined as normal (<120/80 mmHg), elevated (systolic BP = 120-129 and diastolic BP <80 mmHg), or stage I or II hypertension (self-reported antihypertensive medication use or systolic BP 130, diastolic BP 80 mmHg) according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Hypertension Guideline. BMI (kg/m 2 ) was used to classify adults: normal weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9),overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.9),or obesity (BMI 30).** The following food categories were not ranked as top 10 sodium food sources among respondents aged 19 years but contributed 3% to sodium intake among blood pressure and weight status subgroups.Elevated BP: other meat sandwiches (3.6%), poultry sandwiches (3.0%).Stage I or II hypertension: meat mixed dishes (3.1%). The following food categories were not ranked as top 10 potassium food sources among respondents aged 19 years but contributed 3% to potassium intake among blood pressure and weight status subgroups.Obese: fried white potatoes (3.5%).