Acute Knee Injuries in Children and Adolescents
James MacDonald, Richard Rodenberg, Emily A. Sweeney
Abstract
Importance: Knee injuries in children and adolescents are exceedingly common. When an active youth presents complaining of knee pain, the treating pediatrician should be comfortable with forming a working differential diagnosis and should be able to manage many such injuries or recognize when it is necessary to make an appropriate referral. Observations: Knee injuries typically present after acute trauma. Appreciating the likely etiologies pertaining to a particular case is best achieved with a thorough history and physical examination. This review discusses the etiologies of acute injuries including fractures that are unique to skeletally immature individuals, patellar dislocations, ligamentous injuries, and meniscal tears. Imaging findings and management of these conditions are also reviewed. Conclusions and Relevance: This review summarizes the more common acute knee injuries seen in active children and adolescents. Given how frequently such conditions present, this overview of diagnosis and management will provide a useful resource for the nonspecialist.