Metabolomic Approaches for Detection and Identification of Biomarkers and Altered Pathways in Bladder Cancer
Nicola Antonio di Meo, Davide Loizzo, Savio Domenico Pandolfo, Riccardo Autorino, Matteo Ferro, Camillo Porta, Alessandro Stella, Cinzia Bizzoca, Leonardo Vincenti, Felice Crocetto, Octavian Sabin Tătaru, Monica Rutigliano, Michele Battaglia, Pasquale Ditonno, Giuseppe Lucarelli
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis has proven to be a useful tool in biomarker discovery and the molecular classification of cancers. In order to find new biomarkers, and to better understand its pathological behavior, bladder cancer also has been studied using a metabolomics approach. In this article, we review the literature on metabolomic studies of bladder cancer, focusing on the different available samples (urine, blood, tissue samples) used to perform the studies and their relative findings. Moreover, the multi-omic approach in bladder cancer research has found novel insights into its metabolic behavior, providing excellent start-points for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Metabolomics data analysis can lead to the discovery of a "signature pathway" associated with the progression of bladder cancer; this aspect could be potentially valuable in predictions of clinical outcomes and the introduction of new treatments. However, further studies are needed to give stronger evidence and to make these tools feasible for use in clinical practice.