Examining the concept of engagement in physical education
Peter A. Hastie, Andy Stringfellow, Jerraco L. Johnson, Cory E. Dixon, Nikki Hollett, Kurt Ward
Abstract
Background The concept of engagement is a multidimensional construct that has long been used by researchers as a means of explaining student behaviour in classrooms and schools. However, the research using this construct within physical education has been particularly uneven.Purpose The goal of this paper was to examine the application of the concept of student engagement with the research literature on physical education.Method The scoping review was conducted using the boundaries of including the terms ‘physical education’ and ‘engagement’ in the title, being located specifically within physical education settings, and focused on student (rather than teacher) engagement.Results Analysis of the corpus of papers led to the conclusion that studies could be grouped into five categories, with each differentiated by source, involvement of theory, methodology, definitions of engagement, and intended audience. These were given the following labels: (i) studies involving operational and multi-dimensional definitions of engagement (ii) figurative studies (iii) single dimension studies, (iv) qualitative studies, and (v) reviews and practitioner-oriented papers.Discussion Given the considerable diversity in the application of the term engagement, it is recommended that future research in the field (no matter the intended audience), should consider the author’s interpretation of the term formally somewhere in the introduction. In addition, it is proposed that future empirical research examining student engagement in physical education could also benefit from including evidence of both student self-perceptions about their engagement as well as observations of their in-class behaviours.