Scalable, Durable, and Recyclable Metal‐Free Catalysts for Highly Efficient Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to Cyclic Carbonates
Yao‐Yao Zhang, Guan‐Wen Yang, Rui Xie, Yang Li, Bo Li, Guang‐Peng Wu
Abstract
and epoxides with the advantages of scalable preparation, thermostability, and recyclability is reported. The metal-free catalysts show high reactivity towards a wide scope of cyclic carbonates (14 examples) and can withstand a high temperature up to 150 °C. Compared with the current metal-free catalytic systems that use mol % catalyst loading, the catalytic capacity of the catalyst described herein can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude (epoxide/cat.=200 000/1, mole ratio) in the presence of a cocatalyst. This feature greatly narrows the gap between metal-free catalysts and state-of-the-art metallic systems. An intramolecular cooperative mechanism is proposed and certified on the basis of investigations on crystal structures, structure-performance relationships, kinetic studies, and key reaction intermediates.