White paper: definitions of artificial intelligence and autonomous actions in clinical surgery
Andrew A. Gumbs, F. Alexander, Konrad Karcz, Élie Chouillard, Roland S. Croner, Jasamine Coles‐Black, Belinda De Simone, Michel Gagner, Brice Gayet, Vincent Grasso, Alfredo Illanes, Takeaki Ishizawa, Luca Milone, Mehmet Mahir Özmen, Micaela Piccoli, Stefanie Spiedel, Gaya Spolverato, Patricia Sylla, Jaime Vilaça, Lee L. Swanström
Abstract
This white paper documents the consensus opinion of the expert members of the Editorial Board of Artificial Intelligence Surgery regarding the definitions of artificial intelligence and autonomy in regards to surgery and how the digital evolution of surgery is interrelated with the various forms of robotic-assisted surgery. It was derived from a series of video conference discussions, and the survey and results were subsequently revised and approved by all authors.