High-performance fiber-integrated multifunctional graphene-optoelectronic device with photoelectric detection and optic-phase modulation
Linqing Zhuo, Pengpeng Fan, Shuang Zhang, Yuansong Zhan, Yanmei Lin, Yu Zhang, Dongquan Li, Zhen Che, Wenguo Zhu, Huadan Zheng, Jieyuan Tang, Jun Zhang, Yongchun Zhong, Wenxiao Fang, Guoguang Lu, Jianhui Yu, Zhe Chen
Abstract
In graphene-based optoelectronic devices, the ultraweak interaction between a light and monolayer graphene leads to low optical absorption and low responsivity for the photodetectors and relative high half-wave voltage for the phase modulator. Here, an integration of the monolayer graphene onto the side-polished optical fiber is demonstrated, which is capable of providing a cost-effective strategy to enhance the light–graphene interaction, allowing us to obtain a highly efficient optical absorption in graphene and achieve multifunctions: photodetection and optical phase modulation. As a photodetector, the device has ultrahigh responsivity ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">W</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and high external quantum efficiency ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m2"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo form="prefix">></mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>%</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). Additionally, the polybutadiene/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film on the graphene can render the device an optical phase modulator through the large thermo-optic effect of the PMMA. As a phase modulator, the device has a relatively low half-wave voltage of 3 V with a 16 dB extinction ratio in Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration.