Tumor-associated macrophage polarization promotes the progression of esophageal carcinoma
Xin Yuan, Ya Li, An Zhi Zhang, Chen Hao Jiang, Fan Ping Li, Yu Xie, Jiang Fen Li, Wei Liang, Hai Jun Zhang, Chun Xia Liu, Li Pang, Xi Shen, Feng Li, Jian Hu
Abstract
correlated strongly with those of interleukin 10, matrix metalloproteinase 9, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3, interleukin 13, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and fibroblast growth factor 7 in esophageal carcinoma tissues. The same cytokines were upregulated when esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells were co-cultured with M2-like tumor-associated macrophages. Thus, by secreting FGL2, M2-like tumor-associated macrophages may create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that induces the occurrence and progression of esophageal carcinoma.