Hydrophilic surface-modified 3D printed flexible scaffolds with high ceramic particle concentrations for immunopolarization-regulation and bone regeneration
Wenfeng Li, Fancheng Xu, Fang Dai, Tian Deng, Yufeng Ai, Zhiyong Xu, Chenjiang He, Fanrong Ai, Song Li
Abstract
of NaOH were selected for further investigation in this study. The PCL/HA-AT-2 scaffold dramatically reduced foreign body reactions as compared to the PCL/HA and PCL/HA-AT-2.5 scaffolds, promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype and enhanced new bone formation. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway might participate in the signal transduction underlying hydrophilic surface-modified 3D printed scaffold-regulated osteogenesis, according to the results of immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, hydrophilic surface-modified 3D printed flexible scaffolds with high ceramic particle concentrations can regulate the immune reactions and macrophage polarization to promote bone regeneration, and the PCL/HA-AT-2 scaffold is a potential candidate for bone tissue repair.