Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers degradation models review: implications for power allocation and energy management
Ashkan Makhsoos, Mohsen Kandidayeni, Bruno G. Pollet, Loïc Boulon
Abstract
Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are pivotal in facilitating sustainable hydrogen production using renewable energy sources. Despite their operational efficiency and adaptability, PEMWEs experience significant performance challenges due to component degradation under dynamic conditions. The comprehensive analysis of degradation processes in PEMWE systems is the focus of this paper, which also highlights the use of empirical and sophisticated electrochemical degradation models in forecasting and controlling these impacts. Critical degradation mechanisms affecting membranes, catalyst layers, porous transport layers, and bipolar plates are analyzed comprehensively. The study additionally examines at how advanced degradation models might be included into power allocation and energy management plans, emphasizing the possibility of increased component lifespan and operational efficiency. Recent advancements in modeling techniques, from heuristic and optimization-based frameworks to data-driven approaches, are critically discussed. This combination of theoretical models and research highlights the importance of incorporating accurate degradation insights into real-time energy management systems, which will allow for more dependable, cost-effective, and financially feasible PEMWE installations. Ultimately, this review provides a foundational perspective for future innovations, emphasizing the necessity of embedding robust degradation modeling into sustainable hydrogen energy strategies. • Investigation of PEMWE degradation models and their impact on energy management. • Degradation mechanisms in membranes, catalysts, PTL, and BPPs are analyzed. • Recent advancements in empirical, computational, and data-driven degradation modeling. • Integration of advanced degradation models enables smarter power allocation in PEMWE. • Practical strategies for extending PEMWE lifespan and improving efficiency.