PGPR: present role, mechanism of action and future prospects along bottlenecks in commercialization
Zain Mushtaq
Abstract
Throughout the plant developmental phases, there exist a strong relationship among soil, plant and rhizosphere microorganisms. The development of strong relationship links with the release of root exudates from plants. Diverse community of soil microorganisms depends on these exudations, establishing a strong interaction from growth promotion to parasitism. PGPR may compete for nutrients against pathogens, produces systematic resistance and antibiotics. They may promote plant growth through phytohormones and solubilizing minerals that affects the plant growth. The biological control of plant diseases through microbial-inoculants have enough potential for a large market share throughout the world, with annual growth-rate of almost 15-20%. The application of microbial based products is an eco-friendly approach and are the most suitable option for reducing the application of chemical fertilizers. The problem with microbial approach comes under field conditions where these microbes have to compete with various biotic and abiotic stresses. Marketing and commercialization are other important factors. However, success of marketing and commercialization is heavily dependent on advancement and improvements in interdisciplinary research, formulation methods, large-scale production, awareness and education of farming community. There is dire need to introduce an integrated approach of microbial based inoculation along with chemical one.