Ecological Modernisation: Three Decades of Policy, Practice and Theoretical Reflection
A.P.J. Mol, Gert Spaargaren, David A. Sonnenfeld
Abstract
This chapter explains the emergence and development of ecological modernisation ideas against the background of an evolving environmental discourse on environmental deterioration, sustainable development and global environmental change. Sustainable consumption and lifestyle studies have begun to develop mature theoretical perspectives within Ecological Modernisation Theory. The chapter discusses in greater depth how ecological modernisation ideas relate to the legacy of the Brundtland Report, to the Rio process of globalising environmental concerns, and to the consumption and lifestyle focus of the most recent Gore-inspired wave of environmental concern. Environmental policy making in Europe became to a considerable extent an EU affair in a relatively short period of time. Environmental interests have become incorporated into more and more aspects of social relations and institutions, as well as into contemporary human values, cultures, and everyday practices. The chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book.