Comparison of RANKL and osteoprotegerin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of young cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers and individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems
Wael Ibraheem, Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh, Reghunathan S. Preethanath, Fawziah Ahmed Alzahrani, Abeer Sami Al-Zawawi, Darshan Devang Divakar, Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif
Topics & Concepts
OsteoprotegerinRANKLMedicineInternal medicineNicotineBleeding on probingDentistryClinical attachment lossPeriodontitisGastroenterologyReceptorActivator (genetics)Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchBone Metabolism and DiseasesOral Health Pathology and Treatment