Clinical and microbiological profile of adult inpatients with community acquired pneumonia in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria
A Ojuawo, Olufemi Olumuyiwa Desalu, AE Fawibe, Ayotade Boluwatife Ojuawo, Adeniyi Aladesanmi, Christopher Muyiwa Opeyemi, Mosunmoluwa Obafemi Adio, Abdulraheem Olayemi Jimoh, Dele Ohinoyi Amadu, Abayomi Fadeyi, Kazeem Alakija Salami
Abstract
Background: The optimal management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) depends on the clinical and microbio- logical profile in the locality. Objectives: To determine the clinical and microbiological profile of patients admitted with CAP in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and two consenting consecutively selected patients with clinical and radiologic confirmation of CAP were recruited in 12 months. The socio-demographic, physical examination and laboratory/radiologic parameters were documented in a questionnaire. Microbiological evaluation of their sputum was done and blood samples were taken for complete blood count, culture, serum urea and serological evaluation for atypical bacteria and some viral pathogens. Results: CAP constituted 5.9% of the total medical admissions during the one-year study period. The mean age of the pa- tients was 49 ± 22 years with the largest frequency in those aged 65 years and above. The commonest symptoms were short- ness of breath (96.1%) and cough (94.1%), with a median duration of 3 days from symptom onset to admission. Systemic hypertension was the commonest comorbid illness (25/102; 24.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen iso- lated (20/102; 28.1%). The susceptible antibiotics were Imipenem, Ceftazidime and Ceftriaxone. Intra-hospital mortality was 17.6%. CURB – 65 score of ≥ 2 and the presence of complications of CAP were the independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: CAP constitutes a significant disease burden in Ilorin, Nigeria. Typical bacteria accounted for over half of the pathogens isolated from the patients with gram negative agents predominating. This highlights a possible shift in the micro- biological profile which could guide empirical treatment. Keywords: Community acquired pneumonia; microbiological profile; Nigeria.