Old data, new forensics: The first second of SN 1987A neutrino emission
Shirley Weishi Li, J. F. Beacom, Luke F. Roberts, Francesco Capozzi
Abstract
The next Milky Way supernova will be an epochal event in multimessenger astronomy, critical to tests of supernovae, neutrinos, and new physics. Realizing this potential depends on having realistic simulations of core collapse. We investigate the neutrino predictions of modern models (1-, 2-, and 3-D) over the first $\ensuremath{\simeq}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$, making the first detailed comparisons of these models to each other and to the SN 1987A neutrino data. Even with different methods and inputs, the models generally agree with each other. However, even considering the low neutrino counts, the models generally disagree with data. What can cause this? We show that neither neutrino oscillations nor different progenitor masses appear to be a sufficient solution. We outline urgently needed work.