Highly Sensitive D–A–D-Type Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Nitric Oxide Real-Time Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Senyao Liu, Yu Zhu, Peng Wu, Hu Xiong
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, affecting a huge number of people worldwide with increasing morbidity each year. Although the etiology of IBD has not been fully elucidated, it is understood to be closely related to upregulation of the production of NO. Herein, we first report a donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)-type near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe LS-NO for real-time detection of NO in IBD by harnessing the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer mechanism. LS-NO exhibited good water solubility, high photostability, and excellent NIR absorbance and emission at 700 and 750/800 nm, respectively. Moreover, it was able to sensitively and specifically detect exogenous and endogenous NO in the lysosomes of living cells. Notably, LS-NO enabled to noninvasively visualize NO generation in a lipopolysaccharide-induced IBD mouse model for 30 h, showing a two- to threefold higher NIR fluorescence intensity in the intestines and feces of IBD mice than normal mice. This work demonstrates that LS-NO is promising as a diagnosis agent for real-time detection of NO in IBD and may promote inflammatory stool examination simultaneously.