Chemical remodeling of a cellular chaperone to target the active state of mutant KRAS
Christopher J. Schulze, Kyle J. Seamon, Yulei Zhao, Yu Chi Yang, Jim Cregg, Dong-Sung Kim, Aidan C.A. Tomlinson, Tiffany J. Choy, Zhican Wang, Ben Sang, Yasin Pourfarjam, Jessica Lucas, Antonio Cuevas-Navarro, Carlos I. Ayala-Santos, Alberto Vides, Chuanchuan Li, Abby Marquez, Mengqi Zhong, Vidyasiri Vemulapalli, Caroline E. Weller, Andrea Gould, Daniel M. Whalen, Anthony Salvador, Anthony N. Milin, Mae Saldajeno-Concar, Nuntana Dinglasan, Anqi Chen, Jim Evans, John E. Knox, Elena S. Koltun, Mallika Singh, Robert J. Nichols, David Wildes, Adrian L. Gill, Jacqueline A.M. Smith, Piro Lito
Abstract
The discovery of small-molecule inhibitors requires suitable binding pockets on protein surfaces. Proteins that lack this feature are considered undruggable and require innovative strategies for therapeutic targeting. KRAS is the most frequently activated oncogene in cancer, and the active state of mutant KRAS is such a recalcitrant target. We designed a natural product–inspired small molecule that remodels the surface of cyclophilin A (CYPA) to create a neomorphic interface with high affinity and selectivity for the active state of KRAS G12C (in which glycine-12 is mutated to cysteine). The resulting CYPA:drug:KRAS G12C tricomplex inactivated oncogenic signaling and led to tumor regressions in multiple human cancer models. This inhibitory strategy can be used to target additional KRAS mutants and other undruggable cancer drivers. Tricomplex inhibitors that selectively target active KRAS G12C or multiple RAS mutants are in clinical trials now (NCT05462717 and NCT05379985).