Addressing the efficiency loss and degradation of triple cation perovskite solar cells via integrated light managing encapsulation
Seyede Maryam Mousavi, Hamidreza Daghigh Shirazi, Rikhard Ranta, Muhammad Imran Asghar, Severi Kasurinen, Janne Halme, Jaana Vapaavuori
Abstract
Here, we present a holistic encapsulation method for perovskite solar cells to address both optical performance loss at the air-cell interface as well as intrinsic and extrinsic stability challenges. Our one-step method provides shielding to PSCs from oxygen and moisture-induced degradation as well as in-situ patterning for light management. As a result of embedding the anti-reflective coating onto the front side of the cell, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs was increased from 14.1± 0.8% to 15.6± 0.8%, indicating an 8% relative improvement. Moreover, the encapsulated devices kept their initial performance after 90% relative humidity and water immersion tests. The outdoor exposure test showed no degradation for the encapsulated cells after 24 hours of resting at -17°C and maximum wind speeds of 7 m/s on average. Additionally, the encapsulation strategy was instrumental in mitigating oxygen and humidity-induced degradation during ISOS-LC tests, retaining up to 80% of the initial performance for the encapsulated devices after 360 hours. This research establishes in-situ encapsulation and patterning as a promising solution for reducing optical losses and extrinsic instabilities in PSCs. The choice of flexible encapsulant enables it to be used for both rigid and flexible PSCs in a wide range of applications. • The perovskite solar cells (PSC) were simultaneously patterned and encapsulated. • The surface pattern mimicking leek introduced haze and antireflection to the cells. • The efficiency increased by 8% ± 0.8% when leek surface pattern was employed. • The PSC devices were successfully protected against moisture and oxygen.