Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of extracts from Bulbine anguistifolia Poelln (Asphodelaceae)
Maropeng Vellry Raletsena, N.I. Mongalo
Abstract
The current is aimed at assessing the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activity of fleshy root extracts from Bulbine anguistifolia Poelln. A microdilution broth assay was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of extracts from B. anguistifolia against several pathogenic microorganisms in vitro. The acetone extracts demonstrated a notable lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.05 mg/ml against Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus uberis, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis. Additional research was conducted on extracts to determine how well they could chelate iron (Fe2+), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2-2′-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate (ABTS) respectively. The dichloromethane extracts had an IC50 value of 12.52 g/ml against ABTS and 0.63 g/ml against Fe2+, while the acetone extracts had an IC50 value of 2.88 g/ml against DPPH. Extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed against Soybean lipoxygenase 15-LOX and Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes in vitro. The acetone extracts had the lowest IC50 values in the anti-inflammatory assays, 26.32 and 28.21 g/ml against 15-LOX and COX-2, respectively. The LC50 values for the dichloromethane and acetone extracts against MCF-7 in the antiproliferative effect were 22.46 and 25.33 g/ml, respectively. The chloroform extracts exhibited the highest correlation (R2=0.997) when relating the chelation of iron, 15-LOX enzyme and Caco-2 cell line. The presence of several compounds, such as 9-methoxy-2,3,7-trimethyl-Pyrido[3,2-f] indol-5-of (14%), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (12%), (Z)-9-octadecenamide (12%), hentriacontane (8%), octacosane (5%), alpha-Tocopherol succinate (4.16%), may well explain the biological activity observed. Although organic solvents were used to extract the phytocompounds, the results in a way support the use of the plant species in conventional medicine. However, given that other members of the genus Bulbine are reportedly toxic to human health, it is imperative to thoroughly explore the toxicological aspects of the plant species. Both acetone and dichloromethane are worth considering for future studies.