Safety and efficacy of intrarenal arterial autologous CD34+ cell transfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized, open-label, controlled phase II clinical trial
Chih‐Chao Yang, Pei‐Hsun Sung, Ben‐Chung Cheng, Yi‐Chen Li, Yi‐Ling Chen, Mel S. Lee, Hon‐Kan Yip
Abstract
Abstract Background This was a randomized, open-label, controlled phase II clinical trial to investigate the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of intrarenal artery infusion of autologous peripheral-blood-derived CD34+ cells for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD; ie, stage III or IV). Materials and Methods Between October 2016 and July 2018, 52 consecutive patients with CKD at stage III or IV were randomly allocated into a treatment group (TG; 2.5 × 107 cells for each intrarenal artery; n = 26) and a control group (CG; standardized pharmacotherapy only; n = 26). The primary endpoints included safety and change of creatinine level/creatinine clearance. The secondary endpoints were 12-month combined unfavorable clinical outcomes (defined as dialysis or death), improvement in proteinuria, and CD34+ cell-related adverse events. Results All patients were uneventfully discharged after CD34+ cell therapy. The baseline endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) populations did not differ between TG and CG (P > .5). Flow cytometric analysis showed increases in circulating EPC (ie, CD34+KDR+CD45dim/ CD34+CD133+CD45dim/CD31+CD133+CD45dim/CD34+CD133+KDR+/CD133+) and hematopoietic stem cell (CD34+) populations after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment (all P < .001). Besides, Matrigel assay of angiogenesis was also significantly enhanced (all P < .001). Renal-venous blood samplings (ie, at 0, 5, 10, and 30 minutes after CD34+ cell infusion) demonstrated significant progressive increases in EPC level (P for trend <.001) among the TG patients. One-year combined unfavorable clinical outcomes were significantly lower in TG than those in CG (0% [0] vs 13.3% [4], P = .038). By 12 months after CD34+ cell therapy, circulating creatinine level, ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine, and creatinine clearance showed no difference between TG and CG (all P > .1). Conclusion CD34+ cell therapy was safe and improved 1-year outcome. Significance statement The results of this phase II clinical trial provide important clinical information about the impact of intrarenal artery infusion of autologous peripheral-blood-derived CD34+ cells for patients with chronic kidney disease.