Litcius/Paper detail

The Standard Model particle content with complete gauge symmetries from the minimal ideals of two Clifford algebras

Niels G. Gresnigt

2020The European Physical Journal C16 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Abstract Building upon previous works, it is shown that two minimal left ideals of the complex Clifford algebra $$\mathbb {C}\ell (6)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> and two minimal right ideals of $$\mathbb {C}\ell (4)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> transform as one generation of leptons and quarks under the gauge symmetry $$SU(3)_C\times U(1)_{EM}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>EM</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> and $$SU(2)_L$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> respectively. The $$SU(2)_L$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> weak symmetries are naturally chiral. Combining the $$\mathbb {C}\ell (6)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> and $$\mathbb {C}\ell (4)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> ideals, all the gauge symmetries of the Standard Model, together with its lepton and quark content for a single generation are represented. The combined ideals can be written as minimal left ideals of $$\mathbb {C}\ell (6)\otimes \mathbb {C}\ell (4)\cong \mathbb {C}\ell (10)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>⊗</mml:mo><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>≅</mml:mo><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> in a way that preserves individually the $$\mathbb {C}\ell (6)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> structure and $$\mathbb {C}\ell (4)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> structure of physical states. This resulting model captures many of the attractive features of the Georgi and Glashow SU (5) Grand Unified Theory without introducing proton decay or other unobserved processes. Such processes are naturally excluded because they do not preserve the underlying algebraic structure.

Topics & Concepts

AlgorithmComputer scienceAlgebraic and Geometric AnalysisNoncommutative and Quantum Gravity TheoriesAdvanced Algebra and Geometry