Aging and Gait Function: Examination of Multiple Factors that Influence Gait Variability
Hope E. Gamwell, Seaver O. Wait, Jackson T. Royster, Brody L. Ritch, Sarah C. Powell, Jared W. Skinner
Abstract
This investigation aimed to identify parameters of reduced functionality that are responsible for variations in the normal gait cycle. Sixteen older adults (55-85 years; nine males) and eighteen young adults (18-40 years; eight males) were enrolled. Assessments included walking trials, questionnaires, and assessed maximal and submaximal dorsiflexors (DF) and plantar flexors (PF) force. Multiple relationships were found between the muscular capabilities of the ankle and gait variability in older adults. For both the DF and PF muscles, the older adults produced significantly lower maximal force production and higher levels of force variability than younger adults; physical activity (PA) level was also significantly correlated. The reduction in muscular strength was concurrent with increased force variability and deficits in spatiotemporal gait parameters, suggesting an age-related worsening of the central motor control. Our results found that PA engagement could preserve gait quality and independence. These are essential considerations for further research on the cause and reduction of falls in older adults.