Anti-nosemosis activity of phenolic compounds derived from <i>Artemisia dubia</i> and <i>Aster scaber</i>
Rangachari Balamurugan, Jin‐Kyu Park, Jae Kwon Lee
Abstract
The high infection of adult honey bees with Nosema spores is known as nosemosis and can destroy bee colonies. In a previous study, we have reported the anti-nosemosis effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Artemisia dubia, Aster scaber, and A. dubia + A. scaber. In the current study, we isolated five phenolic compounds [chlorogenic acid, 3,4-dicaffaeoylquinic acid(3,4-DCQA), 3,5-dicaffaeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), 4,5-dicaffaeoylquinic acid(4,5-DCQA), and coumarin] from A. dubia, A. scaber, and A. dubia + A. scaber aqueous extracts and screened for their toxicities and anti-Nosema effects in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Among these five compounds, coumarin, chlorogenic acid, and 4,5-DCQA exhibited less toxic but more potent anti-Nosema effects than the other two compounds. Especially, chlorogenic acid and coumarin showed prominent anti-Nosema activities even at the lowest concentration (10 μg/mL). They might have the potential to be developed as alternative compounds for the control of Nosema disease.