Anti-inflammatory effects of diet and caloric restriction in metabolic syndrome
Laura Montefusco, Francesca D’Addio, Cristian Loretelli, Moufida Ben Nasr, Micaela Garziano, Antonio Rossi, Ida Pastore, Laura Plebani, Maria Elena Lunati, Andrea Mario Bolla, Matteo Della Porta, Gabriele Piuri, Francesca Rocchio, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Emma Assi, Michela Barichella, Anna Maestroni, Vera Usuelli, L. Loreggian, Fulvio Muzio, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Roberta Cazzola, Paolo Fiorina
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Weight loss in patients with metabolic syndrome has positive effects on cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks, but its effects on peripheral cytokines and lipid profiles in patients are still unclear. AIM: To determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss on metabolic parameters, lipids and cytokine profiles. METHODS: were subjected to a balanced hypocaloric diet for 6 months to reach at least a 5% body weight loss. RESULTS: After weight loss, a significant improvement in BMI, waist circumference, insulin, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) was observed. The analysis of LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) lipoproteins showed a change in their composition with a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDL to LDL. This was associated with a significant reduction in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MIP-1β, leading to an overall decreased inflammatory score. An interesting positive correlation was also observed among peripheral cytokines levels after diet and peripheral levels of CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), an enzyme with a key role in lipid change. CONCLUSION: Weight loss through caloric restriction is associated with an improvement in peripheral lipid and cytokine profiles that may play a major role in improving cardiovascular risk.