Stoichiometry-engineered phase transition in a two-dimensional binary compound
Mengting Huang, Ze Hua, Roger Guzmán, Zhihui Ren, Pingfan Gu, Shiqi Yang, Hui Chen, Decheng Zhang, Yiming Ding, Yu Ye, Caizhen Li, Yuan Huang, Ruiwen Shao, Wu Zhou, Xiaolong Xu, Yeliang Wang
Abstract
Abstract Due to complex thermodynamic and kinetic mechanism, phase engineering in nanomaterials is often limited by restricted phases and small-scale synthesis, hindering material diversity and scalability. Here, we demonstrate the exploration to unlock the stoichiometry as a degree of freedom for phase engineering in the Pd-Te binary compound. By reducing diffusion rates, we effectively engineer the stoichiometry of the reactants. We visualize the kinetic process, showing the stoichiometry transition from Pd 10 Te 3 to PdTe 2 through a sequential multi-step nucleation process. In total, five distinct phases are identified, demonstrating the potential to enhance phase diversity by fine-tuning stoichiometry. By controlling spatially uniform nucleation and halting the phase transition at precise points, we achieve stoichiometry-controllable wafer-scale growth. Notably, four of these phases exhibit superconducting properties. Our findings offer insights into the mechanism of phase transition through stoichiometry engineering, enabling the expansion of the phase library in nanomaterials and advancing scalable applications.