Fetal Skin Wound Healing: Key Extracellular Matrix Components and Regulators in Scarless Healing
Madalena Gomes, Paul A.J. Krijnen, Esther Middelkoop, Hans W.M. Niessen, Bouke K. H. L. Boekema
Abstract
Fetal skin at early gestational stage is able to regenerate and heal rapidly after wounding. The exact mechanisms and molecular pathways involved in this process are however still largely unknown. The numerous differences in the skin of the early fetus versus skin in later developmental stages might provide clues for the mechanisms of scarless healing. This review summarizes the differences between mammalian fetal skin and the skin at later developmental phases in healthy and wounded conditions, focusing on extracellular matrix components, which are crucial factors in the microenvironment that direct cells and tissue functions and hence the wound healing process.