Perovskite quantum dot-based gas sensors for environmental monitoring: mechanisms, materials, and perspectives on next-generation pollution control
Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad, Ali Kamil Kareem, Zyad Shaaban, M. Sudhakara Reddy, Asokan Vasudevan, Fadhil Faez Sead, D. S. Jayalakshmi, Sanjeev Kumar, Satish Choudhury, Ahmad Mohebi
Abstract
), volatile organic compounds, oxygen, and humidity, all of which are central to air quality assessment and environmental safety. Special focus is given to stability challenges under ambient and humid conditions, the environmental toxicity of lead-based PQDs, and mitigation strategies such as encapsulation, ligand engineering, and the development of lead-free alternatives. By integrating nanoscale material design with real-world environmental needs, this review not only consolidates current knowledge but also provides forward-looking perspectives for developing robust, selective, and sustainable PQD-based sensors for next-generation environmental monitoring systems.