AlphaFold 2: Why It Works and Its Implications for Understanding the Relationships of Protein Sequence, Structure, and Function
Jeffrey Skolnick, Mu Gao, Hongyi Zhou, Suresh B. Singh
Abstract
AlphaFold 2 (AF2) was the star of CASP14, the last biannual structure prediction experiment. Using novel deep learning, AF2 predicted the structures of many difficult protein targets at or near experimental resolution. Here, we present our perspective of why AF2 works and show that it is a very sophisticated fold recognition algorithm that exploits the completeness of the library of single domain PDB structures. It has also learned local side chain packing rearrangements that enable it to refine proteins to high resolution. The benefits and limitations of its ability to predict the structures of many more proteins at or close to atomic detail are discussed.
Topics & Concepts
Computer scienceProtein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)Completeness (order theory)Sequence (biology)Computational biologyProtein structureFunction (biology)Perspective (graphical)Resolution (logic)Domain (mathematical analysis)Artificial intelligenceAlgorithmBiologyMathematicsGeneticsBiochemistryMathematical analysisProtein Structure and DynamicsMachine Learning in BioinformaticsRNA and protein synthesis mechanisms