Multimodality imaging of myocardial viability: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)
Ana G. Almeida, John‐Paul Carpenter, Matteo Cameli, Erwan Donal, Marc R. Dweck, Frank A. Flachskampf, Alicia M. Maceira, Denisa Muraru, Danilo Neglia, Agnès Pasquet, Sven Plein, Bernhard Gerber, Ronny R. Buechel, Ronny R. Buechel, Victoria Delgado, Leyla Elif Sade, Ivan Stanković, Bernard Cosyns, the 2018–2020 EACVI President:, Thor Edvardsen
Abstract
In clinical decision making, myocardial viability is defined as myocardium in acute or chronic coronary artery disease and other conditions with contractile dysfunction but maintained metabolic and electrical function, having the potential to improve dysfunction upon revascularization or other therapy. Several pathophysiological conditions may coexist to explain this phenomenon. Cardiac imaging may allow identification of myocardial viability through different principles, with the purpose of prediction of therapeutic response and selection for treatment. This expert consensus document reviews current insight into the underlying pathophysiology and available methods for assessing viability. In particular the document reviews contemporary viability imaging techniques, including stress echocardiography, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and computed tomography and provides clinical recommendations for how to standardize these methods in terms of acquisition and interpretation. Finally, it presents clinical scenarios where viability assessment is clinically useful.