The cognitive apprenticeship: advancing reasoning education by thinking aloud
Anand Jagannath, Jessica J. Dreicer, John C. Penner, Gurpreet Dhaliwal
Abstract
Teaching clinical reasoning has long challenged educators because it requires familiarity with reasoning concepts, experience with describing thinking, and comfort with exposing uncertainty and error. We propose that teachers adopt the cognitive apprenticeship model and a method of disclosing uncertainty known as intellectual streaking. These approaches reflect a shift in the educator's mindset from transmitting medical knowledge to broadcasting cognition. We provide several examples to guide the adoption of these strategies and make recommendations for teachers and training programs to improve the teaching of clinical reasoning.
Topics & Concepts
MindsetCognitive apprenticeshipApprenticeshipCognitionCritical thinkingThink aloud protocolRubricPsychologyMathematics educationComputer sciencePedagogyArtificial intelligenceHuman–computer interactionPhilosophyNeuroscienceLinguisticsUsabilityClinical Reasoning and Diagnostic SkillsInnovations in Medical EducationEducation and Critical Thinking Development