A Comprehensive Review of the Potential Use of Green Tea Polyphenols in the Management of COVID-19
Trina Ekawati Tallei, Fatimawali Fatimawali, Nurdjannah Jane Niode, Rinaldi Idroes, B. M. Redwan Matin Zidan, Saikat Mitra, İsmail Çeli̇k, Firzan Nainu, Duygu Ağagündüz, Talha Bin Emran, Raffaele Capasso
Abstract
(L.) buds and leaves that have not gone through the oxidation and withering processes used to produce black and oolong teas. It was originated in China, but its cultivation and production have expanded to other Eastern Asian countries. Several polyphenolic compounds, including flavandiols, flavonols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, are found in green tea and may constitute greater than 30% of the dry weight. Flavonols, especially catechins, represent the majority of green tea polyphenols. Green tea polyphenolic compounds have been reported to confer several health benefits. This review describes the potential use of green tea polyphenols in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of green tea polyphenols have also been considered in this review. In addition to describing the bioactivities associated with green tea polyphenols, this review discusses the potential delivery of these biomolecules using a nanoparticle drug delivery system. Moreover, the bioavailability and toxicity of green tea polyphenols are also evaluated.