A comprehensive exploration on distribution, risk assessment, and source quantification of heavy metals in the multi-media environment from Shaying River Basin, China
Minghui Hao, Qiting Zuo, Jialu Li, Shujuan Shi, Bei Li, Xinna Zhao
Abstract
Comprehensively understand the distribution of pollutants in the multi-media environment at basin scale is of major importance to the ecological risk assessment and pollution control. In this study, multi-media contamination characteristics of eight heavy metals in the water, soil, and sediment from the Shaying River Basin of China have been analyzed to probe their ecological risks and potential sources. Results revealed that heavy metal concentrations in pore water were higher than those in surface water. While the mean concentrations of most heavy metals increased follow the order of bankside soil (BS)<water-level-fluctuating zone soil (WLFZS)<sediment. The WLFZ was an important transition zone between the BS and sediment for pollutant exchange. The mean heavy metal concentrations in surface water were all below their corresponding water quality standards except Hg. Whereas the mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Hg in BS, WLFZS, and sediment exceeded their corresponding background values. The assessment results of pollution and risks indicated that Hg and Cd posed the highest potential risks in each medium. Furthermore, according to the factor analysis and PMF model, six potential sources were identified, in which agricultural, fuel combustion, and industrial sources were the dominant anthropogenic sources, accounting for 23.84%, 17.43%, and 14.25% of the total contribution.