Index-based dietary patterns and stomach cancer in a Chinese population
Yuhui Zhu, Somee Jeong, Ming Wu, Jinyi Zhou, Zi-Yi Jin, Renqiang Han, Jie Yang, Xiao-Feng Zhang, Xu-Shan Wang, Aiming Liu, Xiaoping Gu, Ming Su, Xu Hu, Zheng Sun, Gang Li, Su Yon Jung, Liming Li, Lina Mu, Qing‐Yi Lu, Carlo La Vecchia, Jinkou Zhao, Zuo‐Feng Zhang
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Dietary factors are of importance in the development of stomach cancer. This study aims to examine index-based dietary patterns associated with stomach cancer in a Chinese population. METHODS: Using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Jiangsu Province, China, we included a total of 8432 participants (1900 stomach cancer cases and 6532 controls). Dietary data collected by food frequency questionnaire was evaluated by modified Chinese Healthy Eating Index-2016 (mCHEI-2016) and the US Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the association of mCHEI-2016 and HEI-2015 with stomach cancer while adjusting for potential confounders. The possible interactions between mCHEI-2016 or HEI-2015 and established risk factors were explored. RESULTS: Among nonproxy interviews, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, a higher score of sodium, reflecting lower intake per day, was inversely associated with stomach cancer [odds ratio (OR), 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99 for mCHEI-2016; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99 for HEI-2015]. No clear associations with stomach cancer were identified for total scores of HEI-2015 (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87-1.10 with a 10-point increase, P trend = 0.98) and mCHEI-2016 (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94-1.17 with a 10-point increase, P trend = 0.22). However, the relation between stomach cancer and the mCHEI-2016 was modified by BMI, with a possible inverse association in normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that reduced intake of dietary sodium would prevent the development of stomach cancer. The data indicate a heterogeneity between normal weight and overweight's dietary factors in relation to stomach cancer.