Association of plant-based diet index with sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults: The Healthy Dance Study
Sui Tang, Jin Zhou, Changshu Liu, Sai Wang, Cong Yang, Liangkai Chen, Li Zhang, Xiao Tan, Tingting Li, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaoge Wang, Senli Deng, Shuang Rong
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the association between plant-based diet indices and sleep quality in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods The study included 2424 participants aged 45 years and older. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire , and sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale. Plant-based diet was categorized based on 3 indices (score range, 17-85) covering 17 food groups: the overall plant-based diet index, healthful plant-based diet index, and unhealthful plant-based diet index. The associations between these plant-based diet indices and sleep quality were examined using logistic and linear regression analyses . Results After controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and multiple disease-related factors, participants in the highest quartile of the healthful plant-based diet index had 0.55 higher odds of better sleep quality (95% CI: 0.42, 0.72; P trend < .001). In contrast, participants in the highest quartile of the unhealthful plant-based diet index had 2.03 higher odds of poor sleep quality (95% CI: 1.51, 2.72; P trend < .001). In addition, plant-based diet index and healthful plant-based diet index were inversely associated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, while unhealthful plant-based diet index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were positively associated. Conclusions We found unhealthy plant-based diets are significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Adherence to overall plant-based diets, especially healthy plant-based diets, was positively associated with optimal sleep quality.