Designing a High-Sensitivity Microscale Triple-Band Biosensor Based on Terahertz MTMs to Provide a Perfect Absorber for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Diagnostic
Musa N. Hamza, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Sławomir Kozieł, Muhamad A. Hamad, Iftikhar Ud Din, Ali Farmani, Sunil Lavadiya, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari
Abstract
non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is among the most prevalent forms of cancer originating in the top layer of the skin, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being its primary categories. While both types are highly treatable, the success of treatment hinges on early diagnosis. Early-stage NMSC detection can be achieved through clinical examination, typically involving visual inspection. An alternative, albeit invasive, method is a skin biopsy. Microwave imaging has gained prominence for non-invasive early detection of various cancers, leveraging distinct dielectric properties of healthy and malignant tissues to discriminate tumors and categorize them as benign or malignant. Recent studies demonstrate the potential of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy for detecting biomarkers by aligning electromagnetic wave frequencies in the low THz range (0.1 to 10 THz) with resonant frequencies of biomolecules, such as proteins. This study proposes an innovative microscale biosensor designed to operate in the THz range for the high-sensitivity and efficient diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer. By incorporating meticulously designed metamaterial layers, the sensor's absorption properties can be controlled, a critical aspect for discriminating between normal and NMSC-affected skin. In particular, the interaction between skin and THz waves, influenced by dielectric properties and unique vibrational resonances of molecules within tissue, is crucial for wave propagation and scattering. Extensive numerical studies showcased the suitability of the proposed biosensor for NMSC diagnosis, illustrated through specific case studies. These findings hold the potential to pave the way for further development of non-invasive microwave-imaging-based techniques for detecting NMSC and other types of skin cancer.