Cilia beating modulated radiating ternary nanofluids flow in a corrugated asymmetric channel with electromagnetohydrodynamic and momentum slip
Najma Saleem, Sufian Munawar, Dharmendra Tripathi, Farkhanda Afzal, Deeba Afzal
Abstract
Abstract A mathematical model is presented to study the cilia beating modulated radiated ternary nanofluid flow between two cilia‐carpeted walls propagating with an applicable phase difference to show the asymmetric nature of the pumping. To regulate further the cilia‐based pumping, electroosmosis, and magnetohydrodynamics mechanisms are considered in this model. Ternary nanofluid is considered with TiO 2 , SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles dispersed in pure blood. The momentum slip condition is employed to derive the model solution. Thermal radiation and buoyancy effects are also taken into consideration. Mathematica NDSolve is utilized to simulate the numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles under the influence of the emerging parameters. Moreover, entropy generation and variation in Nusselt and Bejan numbers are computed for better thermal analysis. A comparative thermal analysis for unary, binary, and ternary nanofluids is also made. The results indicate that the trihybrid nanofluid offers an 8.5% increase in the heat transfer rate as compared to the conventional fluid. Furthermore, the Brownian motion is responsible for the enhancement in fluid temperature, while electric double layer thickness helps in increasing heat transfer irreversibility around the channel lower wall. It is found that the total entropy of the system at the channel upper and lower space is minimized in the case of ternary fluid rather than conventional fluid. The promising results of the present model reflect huge applications in biomedical engineering, particularly in designing thermal cilia‐based microfluidic devices.