Human Papillomavirus Infection during Pregnancy and Childhood: A Comprehensive Review
Ali Ardekani, Erfan Taherifard, Abolfazl Mollalo, Emadeddin Hemadi, Amirhossein Roshanshad, Reza Fereidooni, Safoura Rouholamin, Mahroo Rezaeinejad, Maryam Farid‐Mojtahedi, Maryam Razavi, Ali Rostami
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide, is the causative agent for several genital and oropharyngeal cancers and a suspected agent for many malignancies. HPV is associated with several adverse health outcomes during pregnancy. Infants are also at risk of HPV infection via different transmission routes: vertically from an infected mother and horizontally through sexual or non-sexual contact with infected individuals. Several HPV manifestations have been identified during childhood, ranging from common skin infections to severe complications such as juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, manifestations, and treatment strategies of HPV infection during pregnancy and childhood. Moreover, we underline the role of vaccination in preventing complications.