A Review on the Impact of Fly Ash on the Resistance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete to Acid and Sulfate Attacks
Asal M. Hamad, Hussein M. Issa, Rodhan Abdullah Salih, Jafar Keighobadi, Azil Bahari Alias, Raed Abdulkareem Hasan, Noah Mohammed Saleh, Ali Mohammed Saleh, Hussein M. Hamada, Idan I. Ghdhban
Abstract
A huge amount of fly ash (FA) was generated every year and dumped in landfills in large quantities and leading to environmental pollution issues. The use of FA in normal concrete and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) can reduce pollution in both cases, namely, reduce the accumulation of FA as waste material in landfills and reduce the cement production that generates around 7% of total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study is a comprehensive review to find out the effect of FA on some durability properties of UHPC, namely acid and sulfate attacks. The results indicate that the use of FA has a positive effect on the increase in the resistance of UHPC samples against acid and sulfate attacks. It is recommended to use nano-FA in the treatment of corrosion and carbonation of UHPC.