Miniaturized spectral sensing with a tunable optoelectronic interface
Xiaoqi Cui, Fedor Nigmatulin, Lei Wang, Igor Reduto, Andreas C. Liapis, Mingde Du, Md Gius Uddin, Abde Mayeen Shafi, Faisal Ahmed, Yi Zhang, Hoon Hahn Yoon, Harri Lipsanen, Seppo Honkanen, Timo Aalto, Zongyin Yang, Tawfique Hasan, Weiwei Cai, Zhipei Sun
Abstract
Reconstructive optoelectronic spectroscopy has generated substantial interest in the miniaturization of traditional spectroscopic tools, such as spectrometers. However, most state-of-the-art demonstrations face fundamental limits of rank deficiency in the photoresponse matrix. In this work, we demonstrate a miniaturized spectral sensing system using an electrically tunable compact optoelectronic interface, which generates distinguishable photoresponses from various input spectra, enabling accurate spectral identification with a device footprint of 5 micrometers by 5 micrometers. We report narrow-band spectral sensing with peak accuracies of ∼0.19 nanometers in free space and ∼2.45 nanometers on-chip. In addition, we implement broadband complex spectral sensing for material identification, applicable to organic dyes, metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics. This work advances high-performance, miniaturized optical spectroscopy for both free-space and on-chip applications, offering cost-effective solutions, broad applicability, and scalable manufacturing.