Discovery of a Potent Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Inhibitor as a Selective Ferroptosis Inducer
Congjun Xu, Zhanghong Xiao, Jing Wang, Hualu Lai, Tao Zhang, Zilin Guan, Meng Xia, Meixu Chen, Lingling Ren, Yuanfeng He, Yuqi Gao, Chunshun Zhao
Abstract
Potent and selective ferroptosis regulators promote an intensive understanding of the regulation and mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, which is highly associated with various diseases. In this study, through a stepwise structure optimization, a potent and selective ferroptosis inducer was developed targeting to inhibit glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds was uncovered. Compound 26a exhibited outstanding GPX4 inhibitory activity with a percent inhibition up to 71.7% at 1.0 μM compared to 45.9% of RSL-3. At the cellular level, 26a could significantly induce lipid peroxide (LPO) increase and effectively induce ferroptosis with satisfactory selectivity (the value of 31.5). The morphological analysis confirmed the ferroptosis induced by 26a. Furthermore, 26a significantly restrained tumor growth in a mouse 4T1 xenograft model without obvious toxicity.