Plasma cadmium is associated with increased risk of long-term kidney graft failure
Camilo G. Sotomayor, Dion Groothof, Joppe J. Vodegel, Michele F. Eisenga, Tim J. Knobbe, Jan IJmker, Rosa Lammerts, Martin H. de Borst, Stefan P. Berger, Ilja M. Nolte, Ramón Rodrigo, Riemer H. J. A. Slart, Gerjan Navis, Daan J. Touw, Stephan J. L. Bakker
Abstract
ng/L). Similarly, a dose-response relationship was observed over increasing tertiles of plasma cadmium, after adjustments for potential confounders (donor, recipient, transplant and lifestyle characteristics), robust in both competing risk and sensitivity analyses. These findings were also consistent for kidney function decline (graft failure or doubling of serum creatinine). Thus, plasma cadmium is independently associated with an increased risk of long-term kidney graft failure and decline in kidney function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether exposure to cadmium represents an otherwise overlooked modifiable risk factor for adverse long-term graft outcomes in different populations.