Wide-Area Measurement-Based Two-Level Control Design to Tolerate Permanent Communication Failures
Murilo E. C. Bento
Abstract
The operation of modern power systems must meet stability requirements to guarantee the supply of electrical energy. One of these requirements is to ensure that the low-frequency oscillation modes have high damping ratios to avoid angular instability and future power system blackouts. Advances in phasor measurement units (PMUs) have contributed to the development and improvement of wide-area damping controllers (WADCs) capable of increasing the damping rates of the oscillation modes of the system, especially the inter-area modes. Nevertheless, the operation of WADCs is vulnerable to communication failures and cyber-attacks, and if not properly designed the WADC can affect the stability of the entire system. This research proposes a procedure for designing a WADC robust to permanent communication failures using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and genetic algorithms. Case studies conducted on an IEEE 68-bus test power system show the effectiveness of the WADC designed by the proposed procedure even when communication failures are occurring in the system. The use of genetic algorithms improves the convergence and results of the LQR-based method.