Accumulation, metabolites formation and elimination behavior of rac-glufosinate-ammonium and glufosinate-P in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Fei Wang, Lin Qiao, Xueqin Shi, Yunfang Li, Pengyu Deng, Yuping Zhang, Deyu Hu
Abstract
An efficient trace detection method for the determination of residues of the glufosinate enantiomers and metabolites in zebrafish by HPLC–Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry was developed. After the purification of dichloromethane and Oasis PRiME HLB SPE column, the recovery ranges from 77% to 104%, with RSD < 10.03%. The limits of quantitation in zebrafish were 0.006–0.02 mg/kg. The results revealed zebrafish absorbed glufosinate slowly, reaching a steady state in 10–14 days, and the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of D/L-glufosinate-ammonium was less than 0.3. L-glufosinate-ammonium accumulated preferentially in zebrafish. The residue of the metabolite N-acetyl glutamate (NAG) was smaller than that of 3-methyl phosphonic acid (MPP). D/L-glufosinate-ammonium had an elimination half-life of less than 2.3 days during the elimination phase. The bioaccumulation and elimination behavior of glufosinate-ammonium in zebrafish aquatic system was shown in this work, which offered scientific data for assessing the food safety of rac-glufosinate-ammonium and glufosinate-P (pure L-glufosinate-ammonium) in fish.