Annealing optimization of graphitized <scp>Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></scp>@<scp>CuO</scp>@<scp>NiO</scp> composite electrodes for supercapacitor applications
Raphael M. Obodo, Sylvester M. Mbam, David C. Iwueke, Muhamed Ramzan, Rufus O. Ijeh, Ishaq Ahmad, Maalik Maaza, Fabian I. Ezema
Abstract
Abstract In recent times, carbon‐based material has received a keen interest in the fabrication of electrodes because it enhances the performance of energy storage devices. Amalgamated composites of three transition metals (Co 3 O 4 @CuO@NiO) and graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated employing the hydrothermal method. The performance of some fabricated electrodes was optimized by annealing using various temperatures, examined for supercapacitor application using a three‐electrode system. Our results indicate that Co 3 O 4 @CuO@NiO‐amalgamated electrode optimized using 100°C temperature shows enhanced features compared to deposited and other samples annealed at various temperatures. These discoveries also showed that Co 3 O 4 @CuO@NiO‐amalgamated electrode optimized using 100°C temperature delivered a specific capacitance of 1312 F/g from cyclic voltammetry analysis using 10.0 mV/s scan rate and 1258 F/g from galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis using 1.0 A/g current density. The cycling stability of electrodes annealed at 100°C was 92.5% after 10 000 cycles, indicating that annealing at 100°C enriched electrode characteristics.