Day-Ahead Coordination for Flexibility Enhancement in Hydrogen-Based Energy Hubs in Presence of EVs, Storages, and Integrated Demand Response
Mohammad Mehdi Amiri, Mohammad Taghi Ameli, Mohammad Reza Aghamohammadi, Erfan Bashooki, Hossein Ameli, Goran Štrbac
Abstract
Energy hubs (EHs) enable all types of energy customers to participate in demand response programs (DRPs), such as inelastic loads, by combining electricity, heat, natural gas, and other types of energy. Integrated demand response (IDR) is the result of this new vision. From a global warming perspective, environmental emissions are a significant issue to be considered. Furthermore, hydrogen has been recognized as an attractive fuel for decarbonizing sectors contributing to global warming. Thus, this paper provides a solution for global environmental problems by utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs) and green hydrogen. In addition, electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to contribute significantly to this scenario due to their rapid expansion. This paper focuses on the coordination of EV parking with hydrogen storage system (HSS) and IDR with the goal of flexibility enhancement, in which a robust optimization method has been implemented to solve the problem. Numerical results show that in the case of a deterministic solution to the problem and in cases where uncertainty is considered, the proposed scheme reduces the total operating costs by 13.89% and 8.67%, respectively. This indicates that the proposed scheme could avoid overinvestment and meet the given carbon emission target cost-effectively.